, education, education, right at the beginning of the child's life? >> on an individual basis, education makes the biggest difference of anything. certainly, in my case, and in many other cases that i know of, people should go to the website, horatio alger society and read the stories of those people, all of whom came from desperate situations and achieved at the highest levels. see what they put into it. those are the kinds of things we need to be putting in front of our young people. >> so, doctor, would you support government investment in early childhood education, increasing that? secondly, where do you stand on the issue of affirmative action? >> yes. early childhood education is good if it's done correctly. we don't want to do it in a way that gives people a message, poor little thing, we're going to take care of you. we want to do it in a way that's empowering and that tends to left people up. as far as affirmative action is concerned, i believe in something, and i've written about it, called compassionate action. we've always been a very gene